About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher

John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. The utilitarian ethicist Jeremy Bentham was an influence in his youth. Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor had 21 years of an unmarried, intimate friendship. After her husband died, they married in 1851. That same year, she published an essay, The Enfranchisement of Women, advocating for women being able to vote. It was barely three years after American women had called for womens suffrage at the Womans Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York. The Mills claimed that a transcript of a speech by Lucy Stone from the 1850 Womens Rights Convention was their inspiration. Harriet Taylor Mill died in 1858. Harriets daughter served as his assistant in subsequent years. John Stuart Mill published On Liberty shortly before Harriet died, and many believe that Harriet had more than a small influence on that work. The Subjection of Women Mill wrote The Subjection of Women in 1861, though it was not published until 1869. In this, he argues for education of women and for perfect equality for them. He credited Harriet Taylor Mill with co-authoring the essay, but few at the time or later took it seriously. Even today, many feminists accept his word on this, while many non-feminist historians and authors do not. The opening paragraph of this essay makes his position quite clear: The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has been constantly growing stronger by the progress reflection and the experience of life. That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes - the legal subordination of one sex to the other - is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other. Parliament From 1865 to 1868, Mill served as a Member of Parliament. In 1866, he became the first M.P. ever to call for women being given the vote, introducing a bill written by his friend Richard Pankhurst. Mill continued to advocate for womens vote along with other reforms including additional suffrage extensions. He served as president of the Society for Womens Suffrage, founded in 1867. Extending Suffrage to Women In 1861, Mill had published Considerations on Representative Government, advocating for for a universal but graduated suffrage. This was the basis for many of his efforts in Parliament. Here is an excerpt from chapter VIII, Of the Extension of the Suffrage, where he discusses womens voting rights: In the preceding argument for universal but graduated suffrage, I have taken no account of difference of sex. I consider it to be as entirely irrelevant to political rights as difference in height or in the color of the hair. All human beings have the same interest in good government; the welfare of all is alike affected by it, and they have equal need of a voice in it to secure their share of its benefits. If there be any difference, women require it more than men, since, being physically weaker, they are more dependent on law and society for protection. Mankind have long since abandoned the only premises which will support the conclusion that women ought not to have votes. No one now holds that women should be in personal servitude; that they should have no thought, wish, or occupation but to be the domestic drudges of husbands, fathers, or brothers. It is allowed to unmarried, and wants but little of being conceded to married women to hold property, and have pecuniary and business interests in the same manner as men. It is considered suitable and proper that women should think, and write, and be teachers. As soon as these things are admitted, the political disqualification has no principle to rest on. The whole mode of thought of the modern world is, with increasing emphasis, pronouncing against the claim of society to decide for individuals what they are and are not fit for, and what they shall and shall not be allowed to attempt. If the principles of modern politics and political economy are good for any thing, it is for proving that these points can only be rightly judged of by the individuals themselves; and that, under complete freedom of choice, wherever there are real diversities of aptitude, the greater number will apply themselves to the things for which they are on the average fittest, and the exceptional course will only be taken by the exceptions. Either the whole tendency of modern social improvements has been wrong, or it ought to be carried ou t to the total abolition of all exclusions and disabilities which close any honest employment to a human being. But it is not even necessary to maintain so much in order to prove that women should have the suffrage. Were it as right as it is wrong that they should be a subordinate class, confined to domestic occupations and subject to domestic authority, they would not the less require the protection of the suffrage to secure them from the abuse of that authority. Men, as well as women, do not need political rights in order that they may govern, but in order that they may not be misgoverned. The majority of the male sex are, and will be all their lives, nothing else than laborers in corn-fields or manufactories; but this does not render the suffrage less desirable for them, nor their claim to it less irresistible, when not likely to make a bad use of it. Nobody pretends to think that woman would make a bad use of the suffrage. The worst that is said is that they would vote as mere dependents, the bidding of their male relations. If it be so, so let it be. If they think for themselves, great go od will be done; and if they do not, no harm. It is a benefit to human beings to take off their fetters, even if they do not desire to walk. It would already be a great improvement in the moral position of women to be no longer declared by law incapable of an opinion, and not entitled to a preference, respecting the most important concerns of humanity. There would be some benefit to them individually in having something to bestow which their male relatives can not exact, and are yet desirous to have. It would also be no small matter that the husband would necessarily discuss the matter with his wife, and that the vote would not be his exclusive affair, but a joint concern. People do not sufficiently consider how markedly the fact that she is able to have some action on the outward world independently of him, raises her dignity and value in a vulgar mans eyes, and makes her the object of a respect which no personal qualities would ever obtain for one whose social existence he can ent irely appropriate. The vote itself, too, would be improved in quality. The man would often be obliged to find honest reasons for his vote, such as might induce a more upright and impartial character to serve with him under the same banner. The wifes influence would often keep him true to his own sincere opinion. Often, indeed, it would be used, not on the side of public principle, but of the personal interest or worldly vanity of the family. But, wherever this would be the tendency of the wifes influence, it is exerted to the full already in that bad direction, and with the more certainty, since under the present law and custom she is generally too utter a stranger to politics in any sense in which they involve principle to be able to realize to herself that there is a point of honor in them; and most people have as little sympathy in the point of honor of others, when their own is not placed in the same thing, as they have in the religious feelings of those whose religion differs f rom theirs. Give the woman a vote, and she comes under the operation of the political point of honor. She learns to look on politics as a thing on which she is allowed to have an opinion, and in which, if one has an opinion, it ought to be acted upon; she acquires a sense of personal accountability in the matter, and will no longer feel, as she does at present, that whatever amount of bad influence she may exercise, if the man can but be persuaded, all is right, and his responsibility covers all. It is only by being herself encouraged to form an opinion, and obtain an intelligent comprehension of the reasons which ought to prevail with the conscience against the temptations of personal or family interest, that she can ever cease to act as a disturbing force on the political conscience of the man. Her indirect agency can only be prevented from being politically mischievous by being exchanged for direct. I have supposed the right of suffrage to depend, as in a good state of things it would, on personal conditions. Where it depends, as in this and most other countries, on conditions of property, the contradiction is even more flagrant. There something more than ordinarily irrational in the fact that when a woman can give all the guarantees required from a male elector, independent circumstances, the position of a householder and head of a family, payment of taxes, or whatever may be the conditions imposed, the very principle and system of a representation based on property is set aside, and an exceptionally personal disqualification is created for the mere purpose of excluding her. When it is added that in the country where this is done a woman now reigns, and that the most glorious ruler whom that country ever had was a woman, the picture of unreason and scarcely disguised injustice is complete. Let us hope that as the work proceeds of pulling down, one after another, the remains of the mouldering fabric of monopoly and tyranny, this one will not be the last to disappear; that the opinion of Bentham, of Mr. Samuel Bailey, of Mr. Hare, and many other of the most powerful political thinkers of this age and country (not to speak of others), will make its way to all minds not rendered obdurate by selfishness or inveterate prejudice; and that, before the lapse another generation, the accident of sex, no more than the accident of skin, will be deemed a sufficient justification for depriving its possessor of the equal protection and just privileges of a citizen. (Chapter VIII Of the Extension of the Suffrage from Considerations of Representative Government, by John Stuart Mill, 1861.)

On The Spectrum. Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Also...

On the Spectrum Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), also referred to as â€Å"autism†, is characterized by defects in verbal and nonverbal communication, social interactions, and atypical behaviors. The word autism is from the Greek word autos which means â€Å"self†. As the name â€Å"Spectrum† suggests, the degree of severity spans a wide range and varies by each individual. Research on this disorder dates back to 1911 when Eugen Bleuler first coined the term autism while referencing patients with schizophrenia who were â€Å"socially withdrawn† (Parks 88). Every decade the amount of individuals diagnosed with ASD rises. The Centers of Disease Control estimated about 1 in 150 children have autism. But, in the past autism was seen in 4 to 5 children per 10,000†¦show more content†¦In between these vastly different ends of the spectrum is a continuum that covers a plethora of social deficits such as making eye contact, carrying on a conversation, ech oic speech, social isolation, and understanding the feelings of others around them. ASD individuals are often overly sensitive to sounds and sights and may exhibit repetitive behaviors. (Muse) People with ASD have difficulty with change and do better if a predictable routine is established and in place. Identification of autism at an early stage is recommended and allows the parents to begin interventions such as communication therapy and behavioral training to address some of the social difficulties they will be facing (Fernell 2). Currently there is not a solid reason on why autism is caused, therefore diagnosing autism at an early age is difficult. Parental input is the beginning point to diagnosing autism. Parents often communicate with their pediatrician that their child isn’t developing normally or is exhibiting stims or other unusual behaviors (Parks pg 14). With no medical test to diagnose autism, health-care professionals and schools are called upon to perform a co mprehensive series of evaluations that include observation, review of developmental history, parent interview, assessments of speech and language and psychological testing. On the other hand, If parents are unaware of typical symptoms of autism, they may not refer their child for an evaluation. Although theShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Students With Disabilities1446 Words   |  6 PagesI was given the opportunity to observe different types of students with disabilities in a self-contained special education class. I viewed many different types of disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, speech and language impairment, intellectual disabilities, visual impairment, and physical disabilities. 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In the 2013 publication of DSM-5 diagnostic manual, Asperger syndrome, Autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were merged into one category of ASD. This paper will explain what Autism Spectrum Disorder is, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosisRead More Genetics and the Possible Causation of Autism Spectrum Disorders1477 Words   |  6 Pagespsychiatrist, began using the term â€Å"autism†, which stems from the Greek word â€Å"autos†, meaning â€Å"self.† Bleuler used the term to describe a group of symptoms seem in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Essentially, the term means an â€Å"isolated self† or a person excluded from social interactions. In the 1940s, researchers in the United States modified the term to describe children who experienced emotional or social problems. 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Some have learning disabilitiesRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorders Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics or Autism Spectrum Disorder, including its symptoms, treatments, and possible causes. This paper will also highlight the differences between Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and Asperger Disorder(AD). Autism spectrum disorders effect one in 110 births in the United States. Autism spectrum disorders are severe, incurable developmental disorders whose symptoms, including impairments in social interaction and communication, emerge during the first two y ears of life. Asperger disorder distinguishesRead MoreThe Outbreak Of The Measles1659 Words   |  7 Pages An outbreak of the measles in the United States has sparked controversy in the autism world today. Contrary to previous theories, the measles vaccination is not a leading component to the cause of this disease. One in sixty-eight children in the United States are entering this world with Autistic Spectrum Disorder today, a thirty percent increase from the one in eighty eight percent two years ago. This disease is unquestionably one of the worst and most confusing disabilities out there. So, despiteRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn more

Competitive Market Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the marketing plan helps the firm Thomson Holiday Group to run the business successfully and smoothly in the competitive market. Answer: Introduction A marketing plan is defined as a blueprint or a comprehensive document that structures the marketing and the advertising efforts of an organization for the coming year (Hollensen 2015). The marketing plan describes the activities of the business that are involved with the accomplishment of specific goals of marketing within a particular time frame. Therefore, it can be said that marketing plan is a vital factor for running any business successfully as it helps to identify the target market of the business, to identify its competitors, to set measureable and specific goals and also to map out a strategy in order to reach the target customers of the organization (Philip 2016). This report seeks to develop a marketing plan for the company Thomas Holiday Group. This plan will mainly focus on the application of the theoretical framework like SWOT analysis, Porters Five Forces, McKensey 7s model and Pestle analysis as these will provide practical information regarding the situation analysi s of the firm. Ansoff Matrix and marketing mix strategies will also be applied in order to analyze the competitive advantages of the firm. Background of the Company The organization Thomas Holidays Group was established in the year 1965 by Roy Thompson, who belongs to a lower middle class family. This organization is considered as one of the renowned travel operators in the hospitality industry. Thompson established the travel agency based on some effective business policies and strategies (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). The implementation of these effective policies and strategies lead the business to run in a successful path. Therefore, the owner decided to expand his business across the world in different multinational organizations. The organization Thomas Holidays Group was able to fulfill the demands and perceived needs of the customers by providing satisfactory services to them. This was possible for the firm because they implemented various innovative marketing techniques, strategies and also performed the situational analysis of the organization (Hutt and Speh 2012). Competitors of Thomas Holidays Group In any industry, competitors and the rivalry play an important role as the revenue, earnings and the profit percentage of an organization depends on its competitors. The organization Thomas Holidays Group also faced various challenges from its competitors, though it was running successfully and was maintaining their competitive advantage in the competitive market. The primary competitors of the firm that put adverse effect on Thomas Holidays Group include Dive Quest, Expedia UK, Ampersand Travel and carrier holidays (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). In the tourism industry, to provide cost effective holiday destinations to its customers is the most important factor and to provide quality service is the essence and the secret for the firms (Liu, Kasturiratne and Moizer 2012). As the political and the economical environment of the country UK is in favor of the tourism industry, Thomas Holidays Group has to face various challenges regarding its competitors. The reason is that a simple unsat isfactory factor might shift the customers of the organization towards its competitors. Consumers of Thomas Holidays Group Customers are the most important factor for any business, as the sales, earnings and the proportion of profit earned by a firm depends on them (Peters et al. 2013). Therefore, the management department of the organization Thomas Holidays Group mainly put priority to its customers in order to satisfy them by providing best quality service and also to earn more. Thus, the marketers of the firm keep updating its customers regarding new offers of holiday packages and serve the consumers interest by providing best available services. The company provides higher importance to the feedbacks provided by the customers and as per requirement the management of the firm takes immediate step in order to solve the matter (Orriols-Puig et al. 2013). The primary customers of the firm Thomas Holidays Group is composed of bachelors, family members, marries and unmarried couples, high school students, college students and retired persons. Market Share The firm Thomas Holidays Group has a strong brand value and it provides astonishing services to its customers at best price. Thus, the company has a strong market share. At present, the market share of the firm is 13% that is much higher than the market share of its tough competitors (Nunkoo, Seetanah and Sannassee 2014). The reason behind this is that the marketers of the firm Thomas Holidays Group perform the market research successfully and as per the collected data, the management of the organization has implemented the strategies of marketing. This implementation of various relevant strategies has leaded the company to earn a huge amount of profit in the year 2011 and 2013 and even in 2014. Thomas Holidays Group has received an award in the UK for providing the best service (Jolibert et al. 2012). Figure 1: Market Share of Thomas Holidays Group (Source: Jolibert et al. 2012) Values The brand value of the organization Thomas Holidays Group has helped the firm to gain more loyal customers. The trust of the people regarding the firms best quality service helps to achieve the competitive advantage in the competitive market (Morgan 2012). The service of the company Thomas Holidays Group is incomparable to the other companies, starting from the arrangement for the best hotels to the arrangement of the best transport facility. According to a recent survey organized by the most popular tourism magazine, about 65% of the total population voted that the major competitors of Thomas Holidays Group like Expedia UK, Dive Quest provides better services but Thomas Holidays Group provides the best service (Kotler 2016). In addition to this, staffs or the employees of the particular organization, especially who directly comes in contact with the customers of the firm are extremely well mannered and well behaved. The management of the firm is such that they provide quick response s to all the queries raised by its consumers (Gustavo 2013). Therefore, the customers become influenced and get satisfied by the services provided by Thomas Holidays Group. Environmental Analysis Macro environmental analysis PESTLE Analysis Political Stability - Thomson Holidays assist travelers in their travelling pursuits, and therefore its business operations are spread internationally. Thus, it is important to consider these factors when framing the marketing policies of the brand. Different countries shall have different political environments (refer to appendix 1). As such, there would some environments that would not be suited to the business growth and prosperity of Thomson Holidays. In addition, the taxation rules shall be different as per the rules and regulations of various nationalities (Mariani 2014). The trade union strength would also differ as per the prominent culture and background of in various nationalities. Economic - The business cycle of Thomson holidays is a pertinent attribute that has to be taken into account while framing the marketing plan of Thomson Holidays. Each company has different business cycles, and thus operational polices must be made to adapt to the market condition (Gustavo 2013). Each country has different inflation rates, and therefore the prices of goods shall vary as per the nature of the market. Keeping this attribute in mind, the travelling prices should be structured accordingly to attract newer consumers towards the brand. The unemployment levels in a particular country determine the purchasing power of the common public in the country (Morrison 2013). Sociological - The demographics of a particular county is largely influences the business growth and prosperity of a country. In addition, the lifestyle choices of the people determine the tourist demand of a particular country (Mason 2015). The propensity of social issues in the country can prevent the inflow of tourists in a particular tourist destination. The acceptance towards foreign tourists among the common public is a strong influence on the potential of a tourist destination (Raj and Griffin 2015). A friendlier attitude towards the people visiting the place can result in a large inflow of sales revenue of a travelling entity. Technological - Advanced technological mechanisms can assist Thomson Holidays to enhance profitability with limited time and resources. The government investment in the field of technology would not only help Thomson Holidays but also other brands operating in the hospitality services. These shall decrease the operational expenses of the brand to a large extent (Kavoura and Stavrianea 2014). Environmental - The environmental issues related to production may hamper the environmental balance of the organization. Therefore adequate measures should be taken to solve such problems which can harm the brand image of Thomsons Holidays. According to (autho), environmental protection procedures should be implemented to prevent such an outcome Legal - Thomson Holidays should conform to the existing laws and regulations of the country. Thus, employment and competition law should be adhered to ensure there are no legal complications. The brand can also follow foreign trade regulations to facilitate global business opportunities (Goodall and Ashworth 2013). The consumer protection legislation ensures that the consumer protection rights have been protected, so that improper consumer perception does not harm the business. Porters Five Forces In the context of the hospitality industry and Thomson Holidays, the porters five forces is explained below Supplier power - Suppliers of Thomson Holidays have benefitted substantially in the recent years. On the other hand, Thomson Holidays has gained adequately through its supply power (Hassan Zainal and Mohamed 2015). Its suppliers have provided the necessary resources and manpower that might have helped the brand to achieve global standing in the last few years. Buyer power - The brand has a positive brand perception among consumers that has enabled the brand to build a successful business model in the present decade (refer to appendix 2) In this regard, it can be said that the brand has enjoyed a successful brand loyalty over a period of time which can be largely attributed to the purchasing power of its buyers. Competitive Rivalry - there is intense competition in the hospitality industry. As such, these can pose a major threat to the market positioning of Thomson Holidays in the global market. Threat of Substitution - Substitute brands has been striving hard to take the place of Thomson Holidays by offering attractive pricing policies to the o consumers. Thus, the brand shall have to consider these factors while framing the marketing policies of the organization (Getz 2013). In addition, Thomson Holidays would have to offer price concessions to consumers to retain the existing market of the brand. Threat of New entry - The brand shall have to look for options to negate the threat of new entrants in decreasing its market share. Thus the brand would have to consolidate its existing position in the global market McKinsey 7 S Strategy - Effective marketing policies with the focus on the consolidation on the existing state of the company. Structure - The whole group is divided into several teams, with each group being responsible as well as accountable to the tasks assigned. Systems - Thomson Holidays follows a hierarchical structure, with orders coming from the Top management. Shared Values- The organization follows moral values and principles that helps consumers with identifying with the brand. Honesty and transparency are the core foundations, on which the organization stands. Skills The staffs posses potent hospitality skills that help the organization to match with the demands of the global market. As such, superior customer skills are required to match the demands with the prominent hospitality entities of the world (FitzPatrick et al. 2013). Staff The staff of the organization is recruited from various backgrounds, culture and nationalities. This brings a fresh perspective to the daily business functionalities of the brand. Style The organization possesses a structured style which daily business functionalities are performed with utmost sincerity and accuracy (refer to appendix 3). This is one of the reasons due to which the firm has achieved considerable reputation and growth in the global tourism industry. Their market shares are - Expedia UK (17%), first choice (12%) and Thomas cook (31%). Micro environmental analysis SWOT Analysis The following is the SWOT analysis of Thomas Holidays Strength - The strength of the organization can be measured in term s of the sales revenue of the organization in the existing financial year (Page 2014). The substantial brand loyalty of the organization can be also counted as among the strengths of the organization. Weaknesses- The weaknesses of the organization are- the external market threats, the presence of substitute brands in the market (refer to appendix 4) Besides this, the instability in the inflow of tourists to various countries has substantially reduced in the recent times due to the presence of global warming in the country. Opportunities - Thomas holidays can identify further market opportunities in various tourist destinations around the world. It can create business tours, adventurous tours and recreational tours around the world. Threats - The emergence of newer brands are the primary threats in the organization. Also, the tourism industry is extremely vulnerable to the external elements in the organization (Vitouladiti 2014). Thus, these two attributes must be considered as potential threats around the world. Important challenges and issues The following are the important challenges that the brand would have to face in the coming years Market stagnation The market stagnation can pose a threat to the business sustainability of the brand. The tourism industry has stagnated in the global market due to the lack of exciting tourists hotspots that are available in the global market. Recently, tourists prefer making travelling arrangements alone rather than taking the assistance of a tourist company. Intensive market competition - The hospitality and tourisms industry operates under constant market competition. It is also extremely changeable subjected to the external market environments. Thus, this can be a major concern to the business sustainability of Thomson Holidays. Instable consumer demand - The lack of tourists in the off season can be a major issue for the business growth and development of Thomson Holidays. In the tourisms industry consumer demand cannot be predicted due to the difference in tourists visiting a place differs in various years. Thus, this leads to instability in the sales revenue of an organization (Maggon and Chaudhry 2015). Structure of the market The tourism industry consists of consist of small and medium private and public enterprises. According to Pealoza, Toulouse and Visconti (2013), there are around fifty tourist industries operating in Britain at the moment. The top competitors of Thomson Holidays are Expedia UK, first choice as well as Thomas cook Their market shares are - Expedia UK (17%), first choice (12%) and Thomas cook (31%). Objective for Thompson The organization Thompson Holiday Group intends to plan a unique marketing plan by implementing which the firm can run successfully and profitably. The marketing plan of the firm is composed of effective strategies that help Thompson Holiday Group to achieve its objectives. The goals of the firm Thompson Holiday Group are primarily set in order to increase its proportion of profit margin and also to increase the productivity of the firm. The company intends to enhance its productivity from the global perspective and also aims to increase the profit margin by providing satisfactory service to all its global customers (Frochot and Batat 2013). The aims of the firm Thompson Holiday Group can be categorized according to the SMART objective as follows: Specific To increase the business globally in the tourism market by providing various services. Therefore, the firm intends to increase its market share by 5% by end of 2016. Measurable The aim of the firm is to expand its business to a large demographic area by implementation of various tourism services. Therefore, it can be measured as per its position in market as it shows whether the aims have been met or not. The firm intends to increase its market share by 5% that is measurable (Ashworth and Goodall 2012). Attainable The firm should assess its marketing potentiality and capability in order to ensure that the objective is achievable. Thompson Holiday Group is a leading company in tourism industry, so it has the ability to increase its market share. Relevant The management of the firm should analyze its competitors, employees, business resources and the present condition of tourism industry to ensure its ability to achieve its goals within a specific time that is by end of 2016. The objective is relevant and can be obtained by the firm by performing better. Time bound Every objective should have a deadline in order to achieve the goals set by the firm. Thompson Holiday Group intends to achieve its target of increasing its market share by the end of 2016. Segmentation, targeting and Positioning Segmentation The management of Thompson Holiday Group would apply a mixture of demographic, geographic and psychographic segmentation strategies in order to earn more. The firm should select its target customers based on sex, age, gender and income. On the basis of these demographic factors, the organization should make various types of holiday packages in order to attract more people and to increase its revenues. Depending on the geographic segmentation that is based on regions and states, Thompson Holiday Group should arrange for various holiday packages as the preference of the target people depends on their livelihood and the region of living. Thompson Holiday Group can segregate its target customers based on the personality characteristics, lifestyles and social class. This segregation is termed as psychographic segmentation, where the firm should offer the holiday packages according to under low and premium pricing strategy (Pike and Page 2014). The company should make the packages by keeping the social and economic status of the customers in mind. Targeting Targeting is an important factor for any business, especially for the tourism industry as based on the target customers, various holiday packages have to make by the marketers as per their preferences in order to increase the revenue and the profitability of the firm. Thus, Thompson Holiday Group should keep in focus its target customers like married, newly married and unmarried couples, retired peoples, bachelors, high school students and college students and accordingly adventurous, business or educational tours to be set. Positioning Thompson Holiday Group is considered as the leading company in the tourism industry as by providing unique, satisfactory and best quality service the particular company has gained its higher position in the market. The responsive and empathic approach, after sales service, quick response of the employees to any query made by the customers, promotional campaigns, to aware the customers about the new holiday packages and offers are the key factors for positioning its services and products (Sun, Ryan and Pan 2014). Marketing Mix The marketing mix strategy is implemented by the firms in order to promote the services and the products of the firm in the competitive market. A typical marketing mix is composed of 4Ps (appendix 5), though Thompson Holiday Group implemented the modified marketing mix that is composed of 7Ps, as the tourism industry mainly focuses on the excellence service and production in order to meet the demand of the customers. The factors of the marketing mix are discussed below by implementing which Thompson Holiday Group can frame its aims. Product The product strategy in tourism industry indicates the complex strategies of providing various tourism services like physical resources, services and activities. The holiday destination is considered as the main factor of attracting customers. Therefore, Thompson Holiday Group makes various types of holiday tours based on demographic, psychographic and geographic segmentation, and also based on the demand of the customers (Balmer 2013). The holiday packages of Thompson Holiday Group are made for various types of customers like married, newly married and unmarried couples, retired people, bachelors, high school students and college students. Therefore, different types of trips like honeymoon trips, adventurous trips, educational and business tours are made by Thompson Holiday Group in order to attract various customers of all genders, sex, ages. The value is added to Thompson Holiday Group as it is comprised of complimentary food supply, medical assistance, various offers and amuseme nt programs on travel packages. Price Price is the main factor for any business. Thus, Thompson Holiday Group implements various strategies of pricing in order to attract customers from both middle and upper class of the society. The other reason for implementing various pricing strategies is to match with the changing demand of the customers and high competitive market. Thompson Holiday Group also decides the prices of each package depending on the types of holiday destinations and duration of the trip. Therefore, it can be said that the company implements both the low pricing strategy and premium strategy to appeal the mass. Place Thompson Holiday Group provides the services in such a convenient way that all the customers of the firm can easily get access to it. The company Thompson Holiday Group belongs to a tourism industry, thus here the customers travel a long distance in order to acquire the satisfactory services provided by the firm. The particular organization might disclose the information regarding various holiday destinations in the company websites, social media sites, holiday campaigns and trade fares. Promotion The promotional campaigns are the important factors as these help to earn more customers and also help to increase the profit margin of the firm. The promotional activities at regular interval make the consumers aware of all the products, services and the new offers provided by the firm. Therefore, it can be said that promotion is the mean of communication between the company and its customers. The promotional activities of Thompson Holiday Group include advertising, personal selling, public relations and viral advertising (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell 2012). The other media of promoting the company include banner ads, brochures, hoarding, billboards and many more. People In case of tourism industry, people in the marketing mix indicate both the employees of the organization and the customers. In Thompson Holiday Group, the well behavior and the quick response of the employees attracts the customers, on the other way, identification of proper customers is also an essential factor as the customers bring in revenue and profit of the firm. The marketers aim to attract people of both the middle and upper class society by providing various holiday destination packages. Thompson Holiday Group provides services to various types of customers including married, unmarried and just married couples, retired people, families, high school students, college students and bachelors. Process The tourism industry is a business composed of long and complex process. There Thompson Holiday Group maintains a systematic procedure in order to perform business smoothly and successfully. The firm provides information regarding its offerings to its customers through the company websites and social websites (Konu 2015). The company might also ring up its existing customers in order to inform about the new offerings of holiday destination packages. The marketers take active part in conveying the services and the messages to the customers. Physical Evidence The particular organization should provide the physical evidences of the services it provides during the trips by uploading the photographs, videos of the successful trips in the company websites. These physical evidences would help to promote and advertise the company itself and will also attract the customers. Other Strategic Choice Ansoffs matrix The Ansoffs matrix indicates the four factors of any business, these include market development, market penetration, product development and diversification. All these four factors equally play the important role in the tourism industry (Chathoth 2014). In the organization Thompson Holiday Group, the mangers of the firm plan for the future growth of the business by implementing the Ansoffs matrix. The risk factors related with the implementation of the four factors of Ansoffs matrix have been discussed in the appendix 6. Market development The target market and the target customers of the company are achieved. Situational analysis is performed systematically for better understanding of the company and the competitive market. Market penetration Innovative strategies and the best quality services provided by the firm Thompson Holiday Group attracts more customers. Better holiday destination packages are implemented (Woo, Kim and Uysal 2015). Product development Various types of travelling packages are provided to the customers in order to attract them. Diversification Alternative business strategies are planned by the marketers, so that if one fails, the other strategies can protect the business. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the marketing plan helps the firm Thomson Holiday Group to run the business successfully and smoothly in the competitive market. The marketing strategies implemented by the firm provide utmost importance to its customers in order to attract more. By providing quality service and quick response to the queries of the customers, the company has earned a mass of customers. Thus, the market position and the market share of the firm have also increased. References Ashworth, G. and Goodall, B., 2012.Marketing tourism places(Vol. 2). Routledge. Balmer, J.M., 2013. Corporate heritage, corporate heritage marketing, and total corporate heritage communications: What are they? 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The Hundred Years War Essays (167 words) - 2nd Millennium

The Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War had distant and immediate causes. In 1259, France and England signed the Treaty of Paris. This main point of the treaty was the English king agreed to become vassal of the French crown for the duchy of Aquitaine. The English claimed Aquitaine as an ancient inheritance. The French kinds resolved to absorb the duchy into the kingdom of France. Philip confiscated the duchy. This was the immediate cause of the war. Edward the II assumed the title of the king of France. He believed that he could rightfully make this claim. Hence, the dynastic argument upset the feudal order in France. To increase their power, French vassals of Philip VI used the excuse that they had to transfer their loyalty to Edward III. Because of the war being a French civil war, it lasted long. Economic factors involving the wool trade and the control of Flemish towns also served as reasons for the war between France and England. European History